Here are some common diabetes terms and their definitions:
Type 1 Diabetes:
A chronic autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age.
Type 2 Diabetes:
A chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance, in which the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, and/or reduced insulin production by the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults but can also occur in children and adolescents, particularly with rising rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyles.
Insulin: A hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy or storage. In diabetes, insulin may be deficient or ineffective, leading to high blood sugar levels.
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Glucose:
Also known as blood sugar, glucose is a type of sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It comes from the foods we eat and is also produced by the liver. In diabetes, glucose levels can become elevated due to insufficient insulin action or production.
Hyperglycemia:
A condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, typically defined as blood glucose levels above the target range. Hyperglycemia can occur in individuals with diabetes due to factors such as insufficient insulin, overeating, lack of physical activity, illness, or stress.
Hypoglycemia:
A condition characterized by low blood sugar levels, typically defined as blood glucose levels below the target range. Hypoglycemia can occur in individuals with diabetes who take insulin or certain diabetes medications, skip meals, exercise vigorously without adequate carbohydrate intake, or consume excessive alcohol.
A1C (Glycated Hemoglobin):
A measure of average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. The A1C test reflects the percentage of hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells) that is coated with glucose. It is used to assess long-term blood sugar control and monitor diabetes management.
Blood Glucose Monitoring:
The process of regularly testing blood sugar levels using a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system. Blood glucose monitoring helps individuals with diabetes track their blood sugar levels, make informed decisions about medication, diet, and lifestyle, and prevent complications associated with high or low blood sugar levels.
Carbohydrate Counting:
A method used by individuals with diabetes to estimate the amount of carbohydrates in foods and adjust insulin doses accordingly. Carbohydrate counting helps manage blood sugar levels by matching insulin doses to carbohydrate intake, promoting more precise blood sugar control.
Diabetes Complications:
Long-term complications associated with diabetes, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease), retinopathy (eye damage), and foot complications (such as ulcers and amputations). Good blood sugar control, along with healthy lifestyle habits and regular medical screenings, can help prevent or delay the onset of diabetes complications.
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